Hello,
We continue the study of the second chapter of the book Brit Shalom, where we are still exploring the fundamental principles of halachot (laws) for Noahides.
One of the distinctions made in Jewish halacha is between Torah commandments (dinei Torah) and rabbinic enactments (dinei sofrim), the ordinances instituted by the sages. Torah commandments, that pertain to Noahides are binding on them. However, what about the ordinances enacted by the sages? These are not binding on Noahides.
Let me explain with an example:
In the laws of sexual immorality, there are relationships forbidden both to Israelites and Noahides. However, the sages instituted additional ordinances for modesty. For instance, during prayer, a partition (mechitzah) must separate men and women to prevent frivolity that could lead to severe transgressions. This ordinance, however, does not apply to Noahides. Noahides can decide for themselves how to manage modesty practices in their communities.
This principle is explicitly discussed in paragraph 12 of chapter two. The ordinances added by the Jewish sages for Israelites, known as dinei sofrim, do not apply to Noahides because these laws are internal to the Jewish nation. Every nation has its own customs and sensitivities, which also explains the next halacha, paragraph 13.
Paragraph 13: Noahide communities may appoint their own sages to legislate and judge their affairs.
This means they are not required to consult Jewish rabbis constantly. It is possible for Noahides to have sages arise within their communities who are accepted by their people. These sages are obligated to be knowledgeable about the Seven Noahide Laws and also familiar with their own people's customs and cultural norms.
For example, in Western cultures, it is customary for individuals to shake hands when they meet. In contrast, in India, it is customary to place the palms together in a particular gesture. A Noahide sage who is unaware of such cultural differences might issue incorrect rulings. Therefore, they must be well-versed in these cultural distinctions.
Another important halacha: The Noahide commandments are equally binding on both men and women. There is no distinction in the obligation to fulfill the commandments between men and women.
